Phytoöstrogene

Zusammenfassung

Zu den Phytoöstrogenen werden u. a. die Soja-Isoflavone Genistein und Daidzein sowie die Lignane Secoisolariciresinol und Matairesinol aus Leinsamen gezählt. Aufgrund epidemiologischer Daten wird den Pytoöstrogenen eine protektive Wirkung gegenüber verschiedenen Östrogen-abhängigen Erkrankungen/Beschwerden wie Brustkrebs, Menopausensymptome, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Osteoporose zugeschrieben. Um diese Vermutung zu überprüfen, wurden eine Reihe derzeit verfügbarer kontrollierter klinischer Studien ausgewertet. Insbesondere zu den Soja-Isoflavonen liegen umfangreiche Daten vor. Es ergaben sich keine Belege für einen Einfluss der Isoflavone auf Menopausensymptome und Risikofaktoren für Brustkrebs. Isoflavon-haltiges Sojaprotein kann allerdings den Serumspiegel an Gesamt-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol und Triglyzeriden senken. Die stärksten Beweise existieren bezüglich einer präventiven Wirkung von Soja-Isoflavonen gegenüber dem postmenopausalen Knochenabbau an der Lendenwirbelsäule. Die unterschiedlichen Effekte auf Östrogen-abhängige Erkrankungen/Beschwerden können zumindest teilweise durch Differenzen in der Bindungsfähigkeit von Isoflavonen an den Östrogenrezeptor α und β und durch Unterschiede in der Gewebsverteilung dieser Rezeptoren erklärt werden.

Abstract

The soy-isoflavones genistein and daidzein and the flaxseed-lignans secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol belong to the group of phytoestrogens. Epidemiological data suggest that phytoestrogens have a preventive effect against various estrogen-related diseases/symptoms such as breast cancer, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. To prove these assumptions, available controlled clinical trials have been critically reviewed. Especially soy-isoflavones have been extensively studied. There is no scientific evidence for an effect of phytoestrogens on menopausal symptoms and risk factors of breast cancer. However, isoflavones-containing soy protein can lower total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride serum levels. The strongest evidence exists for a preventive effect of soy isoflavones on postmenopausal bone loss of the lumbar spine. Distinct effects on estrogen-related diseases can be explained at least in part by the different affinity of isoflavones to estrogen receptors α and β and the distinct tissue distribution of these receptors.

Schlüsselwörter

Phytoöstrogene - Isoflavone - Soja - Rotklee - Lignane

Key words

Phytoestrogens - isoflavones - soy - red clover - lignans

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